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The Mesha Stele and YHVH
How archaeology reveals the false god which Israel worshiped, while in rebellion of God.
One of the most exceptional biblical archaeology artifacts ever found, the three-foot-tall Mesha Stele contains a 34-line inscription celebrating the Moabite vassal king Mesha’s rebellion against the Israelites.
While the inscription relates that YHWH was the god of Israel during this time, does this archaeological evidence support, or destroy the notion, that YHWH was the one true god of Israel?
Text Excerpt: The Moabite Stone.
[1] I am Mesha, the son of Kemoš-yatti, the king of Moab, from Dibon. My father was king over Moab for thirty years, and I was king after my father.
[2] And in Karchoh I made this high place for Kemoš [...] because he has delivered me from all kings, and because he has made me look down on all my enemies.
[3] Omri was the king of Israel, and he oppressed Moab for many days, for Kemoš was angry with his land. And his son succeeded him, and he said - he too - "I will oppress Moab!" In my days he did so, but I looked down on him and on his house, and Israel has gone to ruin, yes, it has gone to ruin for ever!
[4] Omri had taken possession of the whole land of Medeba and he lived there in his days and half the days of his son, forty years, but Kemoš restored it in my days. And I built Ba'al Meon, and I made in it a water reservoir, and I built Kiriathaim.
[5] And the men of Gad lived in the land of Ataroth from ancient times, and the king of Israel built Ataroth for himself, and I fought against the city, and I captured, and I killed all the people from the city as a sacrifice for Kemoš and for Moab, and I brought back the fire-hearth of [Daudoh] from there, and I hauled it before the face of Kemoš in Kerioth, and I made the men of Sharon live there, as well as the men of Maharith.
[6] And Kemoš said to me: "Go, take Nebo from Israel!" And I went in the night, and I fought against it from the break of dawn until noon, and I took it, and I killed its whole population, seven thousand male citizens and aliens, female citizens and aliens, and servant girls; for I had put it to the ban of Aštar Kemoš. And from there, I took the vessels of YHWH, and I hauled them before the face of Kemoš.
While we know that YHWH was herein mentioned as the god over Israel, we also know that during the time of this conquest over Israel, the Israelites under Ahab, the son of Omri, had been worshipping false gods, including Asherah, who has historically been shown to be a consort to the god YHWH.
1 Kings 16:30 King James Version (KJV)
30 And Ahab the son of Omri did evil in the sight of the Lord above all that were before him.
1 Kings 21:25 King James Version (KJV)
But there was none like unto Ahab, which did sell himself to work wickedness in the sight of the LORD, whom Jezebel his wife stirred up
1 Kings 16:33 JPS Tanakh 1917
And Ahab made the Asherah; and Ahab did yet more to provoke the LORD, the God of Israel, than all the kings of Israel that were before him.
2 Kings 21:3 JPS Tanakh 1917
For he built again the high places which Hezekiah his father had destroyed; and he reared up altars for Baal, and made an Asherah, as did Ahab king of Israel, and worshipped all the host of heaven, and served them
Jeremiah 19:13 King James Version (KJV)
And the houses of Jerusalem, and the houses of the kings of Judah, shall be defiled as the place of Tophet, because of all the houses upon whose roofs they have burned incense unto all the host of heaven, and have poured out drink offerings unto other gods
While some will claim that the Moabite/Meshe Stele is proof that Yahweh was the one true god of Israel, when presented, and critically treated in light of the Scriptures, we find instead exceedingly strong evidence, that Yahweh was indeed a false god (Baal), worshipped by the Israelites during their rebellion to the One True God, אהיה אשר אהיה.
Further considerations.
Malachi 2:1-9
"And now this admonition is for you, O priests. If you do not listen, and if you do not set your heart to honor my name," says the LORD Almighty, "I will send a curse upon you, and I will curse your blessings. Yes, I have already cursed them, because you have not set your heart to honor me. Because of you I will rebuke your descendants; I will spread on your faces the offal from your festival sacrifices, and you will be carried off with it. And you will know that I have sent you this admonition so that my covenant with Levi may continue," says the LORD Almighty. "My covenant was with him, a covenant of life and peace, and I gave them to him; this called for reverence and he revered me and stood in awe of my name. True instruction was in his mouth and nothing false was found on his lips. He walked with me in peace and uprightness, and turned many from sin. For the lips of a priest ought to preserve knowledge, and from his mouth men should seek instruction—because he is the messenger of the LORD Almighty. But you have turned from the way and by your teaching have caused many to stumble; you have violated the covenant with Levi," says the LORD Almighty. "So I have caused you to be despised and humiliated before all the people, because you have not followed my ways but have shown partiality in matters of the law.
Why was Israel allowed to be taken captive by their enemies? Because they forgot the LORD their God.
Deuteronomy 8:19-20
"It shall come about if you ever forget the LORD your God and go after other gods and serve them and worship them, I testify against you today that you will surely perish. "Like the nations that the LORD makes to perish before you, so you shall perish; because you would not listen to the voice of the LORD your God
There are also numerous passages which chronicle and relate the apostasy of the priests, so much so that it was written that God became so furious, and greatly abhorred Israel, that He forsook the tabernacle of Shiloh. This rebellion was not limited to the priest only, but also to the kings of Israel, such as Solomon, who also built temples to false gods.
1 Kings 11:7
Then did Solomon build an high place for Chemosh, the abomination of Moab, in the hill that is before Jerusalem, and for Molech, the abomination of the children of Ammon
"But yet, as it is written, there was none like Ahab who did sell himself to work wickedness in the sight of the LORD."
In summary, while the Mesha Stele has been used to support the idea that Yahweh is the true name of God - by Jews and Christians alike, when examined critically, it is shown without doubt that Yahweh was an adopted god worshiped by Israel during a period of corruption and rebellion against the One True God.
Image: The Mesha Stele, also known as the Moabite Stone, is a stele dated around 840 BCE, bearing an inscription of Mesha, king of Moab, about the 9th century bc; its 34-line inscription commemorates a victory over the Israelites that reestablished the independence of Moab
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